Mikrobaendofitik Dari Taman Nasionalbatang Gadis Sumatera Utara: Potensinya Dalam Menghasilkan Senyawa Antimikrobaterhadapmikrobapatogen [Endophytic Microbes From Batang Gadis National Park, North Sumatra: Their Potential for Producing Antimicrobes Bioactive Compound Againts Pathogenic Microbes]

Batang Gadis National Park (TNBG) is one of the tropical forests in North Sumatra with megabiodiversity of flora and fauna including microorganism. Endophytic microbes conservation from varieties of forest plants in Batang Gadis National Park has been completed. Nineteen endophytes isolates from TNBG have been screened for their potential on producing bioactive compound against the pathogenic bacteria. Qualitative screening has been done using the growth agar media and identified the clear zone appeared surrounding the bacteria colony. The result indicated that isolate MSCI 87.4 showed high strengthening secresion (4.35) againts Xanthomonas campestris, whereas isolate MSCI 37.1 showed high secretion against Bacillus subtilis (2.69) and Escherichia coli (2.60). Isolate MSCI 37.4 showed potential on producing bioactive compound againts Staphylococcus aureus (4.41). Isolates MSCI 87.4, MSCI37.1, MSCI 37.4 and MSCI 58.1 even could produce bioactive compound against four pathogenic bacteria that are Xanthomonas campestris, Bacilus subtilis, Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, whereas isolate MSCI 15.5b potential on producing bioactive compound against two isolates namely Xanthomonas campestris and Bacillus subtilis. The endophytes bacteria mainly belong to the Gram negative group and four out of nineteen isolates tested belong to the Gram positive group. The cell mainly coccus and only one is bacilli without fiagella. The five most potential isolates has been maintained under freeze dried condition for futher conservation and study. Thin Layer Analysis using semipolar organic separation solution showed that most isolates identified were able to produce bioactive compound except two isolates i.e. MSCI 48.4a and MSCI 53.1; however further analysis is needed to confirm the product

MIKROBAENDOFITIK DARI TAMAN NASIONALBATANG GADIS SUMATERA UTARA: POTENSINYA DALAM MENGHASILKAN SENYAWA ANTIMIKROBATERHADAPMIKROBAPATOGEN

Batang Gadis National Park (TNBG) is one of the tropical forests in North Sumatra with megabiodiversity of flora and fauna including microorganism. Endophytic microbes conservation from varieties of forest plants in Batang Gadis National Park has been completed. Nineteen endophytes isolates from TNBG have been screened for their potential on producing bioactive compound against the pathogenic bacteria. Qualitative screening has been done using the growth agar media and identified the clear zone appeared surrounding the bacteria colony. The result indicated that isolate MSCI 87.4 showed high strengthening secresion (4.35) againts Xanthomonas campestris, whereas isolate MSCI 37.1 showed high secretion against Bacillus subtilis (2.69) and Escherichia coli (2.60). Isolate MSCI 37.4 showed potential on producing bioactive compound againts Staphylococcus aureus (4.41). Isolates MSCI 87.4, MSCI37.1, MSCI 37.4 and MSCI 58.1 even could produce bioactive compound against four pathogenic bacteria that are Xanthomonas campestris, Bacilus subtilis, Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, whereas isolate MSCI 15.5b potential on producing bioactive compound against two isolates namely Xanthomonas campestris and Bacillus subtilis. The endophytes bacteria mainly belong to the Gram negative group and four out of nineteen isolates tested belong to the Gram positive group. The cell mainly coccus and only one is bacilli without fiagella. The five most potential isolates has been maintained under freeze dried condition for futher conservation and study. Thin Layer Analysis using semipolar organic separation solution showed that most isolates identified were able to produce bioactive compound except two isolates i.e. MSCI 48.4a and MSCI 53.1; however further analysis is needed to confirm the product

Secondary Metabolite Activities of Endophytic Bacteria from White Turmeric (Curcuma zedoaria Rosc.) as Plant Growth Promoter

Bakteri endofit mengkolonisasi jaringan tanaman dan berkontribusi terhadap pertumbuhan, perkembangan dan adaptasi tanaman inang. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengkaji keragaman bakteri endofit dari tanaman kunyit putih (Curcuma zedoaria) dan mengetahui aktivitasnya sebagai pemacu pertumbuhan tanaman. Tanaman kunyit putih diperoleh dari Balai Penelitian Tanaman Rempah dan Obat (Balittro). Isolasi bakteri endofit dari bagian daun, rimpang primer dan sekunder kunyit putih menggunakan media Nutrient Agar (NA). Identifikasi dilakukan berdasarkan 16S rDNA. Isolat tersebut selanjutnya diuji kemampuannya sebagai pemacu pertumbuhan tanaman dan penghasil enzim. Berdasarkan karakteristik morfologi, diperoleh 21 isolat, terbanyak diperoleh dari bagian rimpang primer (47,62%), rimpang sekunder (19,05%) dan daun (33,33%). Hasil sekuensing 16S rDNA menunjukkan komunitas bakteri endofit pada tanaman kunyit putih terdiri dari empat filum yaitu β-proteobacteria, γ-proteobacteria, Flavobacteria dan Firmicutes yang merepresentasikan delapan genus. Lima isolat mempunyai aktivitas sebagai pemacu pertumbuhan tanaman, sedang enam isolat menghasilkan enzim.  Terdapat 13 isolat mempunyai aktivitas ganda sebagai pemacu pertumbuhan tanaman dan aktivitas enzimatik, sedangkan delapan isolat hanya memiliki salah satu aktivitas tersebut.  Bakteri endofit yang berpotensi sebagai pemacu pertumbuhan tanaman berpotensi digunakan sebagai pupuk hayati untuk menunjang pertumbuhan tanaman kunyit putih.Endophytic bacteria colonize the plant tissue and contribute to the host plant's growth, development, and adaptation. This study aimed to examine the endophytic bacteria diversity associated with white turmeric (Curcuma zedoaria) and determine its activity as a plant growth promoter. White turmeric plants were obtained from the Indonesian Spices and Medicinal Crop Research Institute (Balittro). The isolation of endophytic bacteria from leaves, a primary and secondary rhizome of white turmeric using Nutrient Agar (NA) medium. Identification of the isolates was conducted based on 16S rDNA. The isolates were tested for their ability as a plant growth promoter and enzyme producer. Based on the morphological characteristic, 21 isolates were obtained from the primary rhizome (47.62%), secondary rhizome (19.05%), and leaves (33.33%), respectively. The sequencing result of 16S rDNA showed that the endophytic bacteria community consisted of four phyla, β-proteobacteria, γ-proteobacteria, Flavobacteria, Firmicutes, which represented eight genera. Five isolates had several activities as a plant growth promoter, while six isolates had several enzymatic activities. Thirteen isolates had both activities, as a plant growth promoter and enzyme producer, while eight isolates only had single action. Endophytic bacteria potential as plant growth promoters can be used for supporting the cultivation of white turmeric plants

Peningkatan Galur Pada Bakteri Penghasil Iaa Yang Diisolasi Dari Bintil Akar Tanaman Turi (Strain Improvement on Iaa-producing Bacteria Isolated From Root Nodules of Sesbania Grandiflora (L))

Produksi hormon Indole Acetic Acid (IAA) dari bakteri dapat ditingkatkan melalui peningkatkan kualitas galur. Peningkatan galur dapat dilakukan dengan mutasi kimia dan fisik. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk meningkatkan produksi IAA bakteri yang diisolasi dari bintil akar tanaman turi melalui mutasi asam nitrat dan sinar UV. Bintil berwarna merah muda, sehat dan segar telah diisolasi dari akar tanaman Turi (Sesbania grandiflora (L)). Sebanyak 15 isolat bakteri telah diperoleh dan diuji kemampuannya dalam menghasilkan hormon IAA. Hasil analisis kolorimetri menunjukkan bahwa isolat TC 4.3.1.2 menghasilkan IAA tertinggi (17,72 μg/ml) dalam kultur yang ditambah L-triptofan. Berdasarkan analisis gen 16S rRNA, isolat TC 4.3.1.2 teridentifikasi sebagai Rhizobium sp. BGC8. Isolat penghasil IAA tertinggi diuji dengan perlakuan mutasi. Mutan asam nitrat menghasilkan hormon IAA (20,31-24,48 μg/ml) lebih tinggi dibandingkan mutan UV (0,61-19,55 μg/ml)

THE RELATIONSHIP OF EPILEPTIFORM WAVES IN ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAM WITH EPILEPSY TYPE OF SCHOOL-AGE EPILEPSY PATIENTS

Background: Epilepsy in children causes memory problems in the learning process, so an early diagnosis of epilepsy is needed. The modality for determining the diagnosis of epilepsy is an electroencephalogram (EEG) examination. EEG recording results in epilepsy patients are epileptiform waves that can vary according to the type of epilepsy suffered. Objective: This study aims to determine the relationship of epileptiform waves on an electroencephalogram (EEG) with the type of epilepsy in school-age epilepsy patients. Methods: This study is an analytical study that uses secondary data in the form of medical records with cross sectional design. The research subjects were 106 patients taken with total sampling technique. Data collection is done by recording medical record data on the data collection form made by researchers. Correlation analysis between variables in this study used the Fisher test. Results: The results of this study indicate there is a relationship between epileptiform waves on the electroencephalogram (EEG) with the type of epilepsy in school-age epilepsy patients, with p = 0.018 in 0.050 significance value. Conclusion: It can be concluded that there is a correlation between epileptiform waves on an electroencephalogram (EEG) with the type of epilepsy in school-age epilepsy patients

PENINGKATAN GALUR PADA BAKTERI PENGHASIL IAA YANG DIISOLASI DARI BINTIL AKAR TANAMAN TURI (Strain Improvement on IAA-Producing Bacteria Isolated from Root Nodules of Sesbania grandiflora (L))

Production of the Indole Acetic Acid (IAA) hormone from bacteria can be increased by improving the quality of the strain. Increased strains can be done with chemical and physical mutations. The study aimed to increase the production of bacterial IAA isolated from turi plant root nodule through mutation of nitric acid and UV rays. The fresh, healthy and pink colored nodule have been isolated from Turi plant (Sesbania grandiflora (L)) root which obtained 15 bacterial isolates then tested their ability to produce IAA hormone. The results of colorimetric analysis showed that TC 4.3.1.2 had highest IAA (17.72 μg/ml) in cultures plus L-triptofan. Based on 16S rRNA gene analysis,  TC 4.3.1.2 isolate was identified as Rhizobium sp BGC8. The TC 4.3.1.2 isolates were tested by mutation treatment. The nitric acid mutant produced IAA hormones (20.31-24.48 μg ml) were higher than UV mutants (0.61-19.55 μg/ml).Keywords: bacteria, IAA, mutation, strain improvement ABSTRAKProduksi hormon Indole Acetic Acid (IAA) dari bakteri dapat ditingkatkan melalui peningkatkan kualitas galur. Peningkatan galur dapat dilakukan dengan mutasi kimia dan fisik. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk meningkatkan produksi IAA bakteri yang diisolasi dari bintil akar tanaman turi melalui mutasi asam nitrat dan sinar UV. Bintil berwarna merah muda, sehat dan segar telah diisolasi dari akar tanaman Turi (Sesbania grandiflora (L)). Sebanyak 15 isolat bakteri telah diperoleh dan diuji kemampuannya dalam menghasilkan hormon IAA. Hasil analisis kolorimetri menunjukkan bahwa isolat TC 4.3.1.2 menghasilkan IAA tertinggi (17,72 μg/ml) dalam kultur yang ditambah L-triptofan. Berdasarkan analisis gen 16S rRNA, isolat TC 4.3.1.2 teridentifikasi sebagai Rhizobium sp. BGC8. Isolat penghasil IAA tertinggi diuji dengan perlakuan mutasi. Mutan asam nitrat menghasilkan hormon IAA (20,31-24,48 μg/ml) lebih tinggi dibandingkan mutan UV (0,61-19,55 μg/ml).Kata kunci: bakteri, IAA, mutasi, peningkatan galur

Pengaruh Pupuk Hayati Berbasis Jamur Mikoriza Arbuskular dan Rhizobakteri Pemacu Pertumbuhan Tanaman terhadap Pertumbuhan Bibit Kakao (Theobroma cocoa L.)

One effort to improve quality of cocoa seedlings is application of bio fertilizer during the nursery. Nutrient supply is essential for growth and development of cocoa seedlings at nursery and field after transplanting. The aim of this research is to determine effect of bio fertilizer application to growth of cocoa seedlings. The study used a completetly randomized design with 4 treatments and 15 replications. The treatments were no fertilization (P1), chemical fertilization (P2), bio fertilizer every 2 weeks (P3) and bio fertilizer every 1 month (P4). The result showed that application of bio fertilizer every 2 weeks and 1 month can increase height, diameter and dry weight of cocoa seedlings on first until fourth months after fertilization. The Mycorrhizal Dependency (MD) of cocoa seedlings was classified as moderately dependent (27,04–45,86%). The highest colonization of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on roots cocoa resulted by P4 treatment about 33,92%

Respon Padi Gogo terhadap Pupuk Hayati di Lahan Kering Kabupaten Konawe Selatan, Sulawesi Tenggara

Response of Upland Rice towards Biological Fertilizer on the Dry Land in South Konawe District, South East Sulawesi. As the productivity of upland rice is still low, it requires technology improvement such as high yield variety and biological fertilizer. The purpose of this research was to determine the adaptability of upland rice varieties combined with biological fertilizer application. The experiment was conducted in the dry land of South Konawe District, South East Sulawesi using a factorial randomized block design with four replications of two factors. The first factor was three upland rice varieties namely Inpago LIPI Go1, Inpago LIPI Go2 and local varieties Kolono; the second factor was the combination of inorganic fertilizers and biological fertilizers. The experiment was carried out from December 2013 to March 2014. The results showed that the highest productivity was achieved by Inpago LIPI Go2 (4.5 to 5.2 t/ha) combined with the fertilizer combination as follow; Biofertilizer; Biofertilizer + 25% of recommended inorganic fertilizer; and Biofertilizer + 50% of recommended inorganic fertilizer without loosing the yield

Isolasi mikroba endofitik dari tanaman obat sambung nyawa (Gynura procumbens) dan analisis potensinya sebagai antimikroba

Sambung nyawa (Gynura procumbens) has many beneficial effects to human health, such as decreasing blood pressure, maintaining blood sugar level (hypoglycaemic), decreasing cholesterol, a remedy for kidney trouble, antibacterial and lessen the inflamation (antiinflamation). This research was undertaken to discover the potency of endophytic microbes from sambung nyawa as antimicrobial agents. The purpose of this research was to screen the endophytic bacteria and the endophytic fungi having antimicrobial activity, which were isolated from stems, leaves, roots and fruits of medical plants, sambung nyawa. The antimicrobial activity was determined by measuring the growth inhibition of pathogenic microbes i.e Candida albicans, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas sp. and Bacillus subtilis. A total of 38 isolates of bacteria and 15 isolates of fungi were obtained from sambung nyawa. Analysis demonstrated that, 45% isolates of bacteria and 20% isolates of fungi exhibited inhibitory activity. Antimicrobial activity was found in 21% of the isolates that inhibited the growth of C. albicans, E. coli, Pseudomonas sp., and B. subtilis, whereas 24% of isolates had activity only against B. subtilis. Isolate of endophytic bacteria USN 1.1 and USN 2.3 showed the most significant of inhibition zone. The Inhibition zone of the isolate USN 1.1 to C. albicans, E. coli, Pseudomonas sp, and B. subtilis were 2.318 cm2, 0.969 cm2, 0.796 cm2, and 0.381 cm2, respectively. The Inhibition zone of the isolate USN 2.3 to C. albicans, E. coli, Pseudomonas sp., and B. subtilis were 3.01 cm2, 0.519 cm2, 0.588 cm2 and 0.83 cm2, respectively. These results indicated that endophytic bacteria and endophytic fungi could be a promising source for antimicrobial agents